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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 842024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1469256

ABSTRACT

Abstract The impact of fish oil concentration on the oxidative stability of microcapsules through the spray drying process using chitosan and maltodextrin as wall material was studied. Emulsions were prepared with different Tuna fish oil (TFO) content (TFO-10%, TFO20%, TF030% TF0-40%) while wall material concentration was kept constant. Microencapsulated powder resulting from emulsion prepared with high fish oil load have high moisture content, wettability, total oil and low encapsulation efficiency, hygroscopicity and bulk tapped density. Oxidative stability was evaluated periodically by placing microcapsules at room temperature. Microcapsules prepared with TFO-10% presented high oxidative stability in terms of peroxide value (2.94±0.04) and anisidine value (1.54±0.02) after 30 days of storage. It was concluded that optimal amounts of fish oil for microencapsulation are 10% and 20% using chitosan and maltodextrin that extended its shelf life during study period.


Resumo Foi estudado o impacto da concentração de óleo de peixe na estabilidade oxidativa de microcápsulas por meio do processo de secagem por atomização, utilizando quitosana e maltodextrina como material de parede. As emulsões foram preparadas com diferentes teores de óleo de atum (TFO) (TFO-10%, TFO20%, TF030% TF0-40%), enquanto a concentração de material de parede foi mantida constante. O pó microencapsulado resultante da emulsão preparada com alta carga de óleo de peixe tem alto teor de umidade, molhabilidade e óleo total e baixa eficiência de encapsulação, higroscopicidade e densidade extraída a granel. A estabilidade oxidativa foi avaliada periodicamente colocando microcápsulas à temperatura ambiente. As microcápsulas preparadas com TFO-10% apresentaram alta estabilidade oxidativa em termos de valor de peróxido (2,94 ± 0,04) e valor de anisidina (1,54 ± 0,02) após 30 dias de armazenamento. Concluiu-se que as quantidades ideais de óleo de peixe para microencapsulação são de 10% e 20% usando quitosana e maltodextrina que prolongaram sua vida útil durante o período de estudo.

2.
Braz. j. biol ; 842024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1469271

ABSTRACT

Abstract Reports abound on Lernaea parasitizing the brood stock, fingerlings, and marketable-sized culturable freshwater fish species in various parts of the world. We investigated seven small-scale aquaculture farms and how the prevailing Lernaea is impacting them. Randomly seven fish farms were selected to determine the prevalence percentage of lernaeid ectoparasites. Relevant information of the fishponds to estimate the various aspects such as effects of water source and quality, feed, stocking density, treatment used, and weight and length of fish, concerned with Lernaea infestation and prevalence was gathered. The results indicated that Catla catla (F. Hamilton, 1822) showed highest prevalence (41.7%) among the seven fish species, whereas Oreochromis niloticus showed zero. Other five fish species Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cirrhinus cirrhosis, Cyprinus carpio, Labeo rohita and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix showed 13.2%, 8.1%, 7.7%, 7.4%, 0.9% prevalence, respectively. In Royal Fish Farm 84.3% lernaeid infestation was observed, while no parasite was observed in the Vicents Chunnian fish farm. The water source, quality, feed, fertilizers, stocking density, water temperature, and potential treatment options displayed varying tendencies among fish farms and prevalence. Depending on the weight and length, the highest prevalence (56.7%, and 66.7%) was observed in 3501-4000 g and 81-90 cm groups. The infestation rate varied in various fish body parts with the dorsal fin the most vulnerable organ and showed 2.3% overall prevalence (while 18.4% contribution within total 12.6% infestation). Out of 147 infected fish samples, 45 were extensively contaminated by Lernaea spread. In conclusion, our findings confirm that Lernaea could pose a considerable threat to marketable fish, and various treatment options should be educated to the farmers to help mitigate the spread and potential losses. Furthermore, Catla catla is more vulnerable to Lernaea infestation (41.7%), so are the fish species being cultured at higher stocking densities.


Resumo Abundam os relatórios sobre Lernaea parasitando o estoque de cria, alevinos e espécies de peixes de água doce cultiváveis de tamanho comercial em várias partes do mundo. Investigamos sete fazendas de aquicultura de pequena escala e de que maneira a Lernaea predominante está impactando-as. Aleatoriamente, sete fazendas de peixes foram selecionadas para determinar a porcentagem de prevalência de ectoparasitas de Lernaea. Foram recolhidas informações relevantes sobre os viveiros de peixes para estimar os vários aspectos, tais como efeitos da fonte e qualidade da água, alimentação, densidade de povoamento, tratamento utilizado e peso e comprimento dos peixes, relacionados com a infestação e prevalência de Lernaea. Os resultados indicaram que Catla catla (F. Hamilton, 1822) apresentou maior prevalência (41,7%) entre as sete espécies de peixes, enquanto Oreochromis niloticus apresentou zero. Outras cinco espécies de peixes Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cirrhinus cirrhosis, Cyprinus carpio, Labeo rohita e Hypophthalmichthys molitrix apresentaram 13,2%, 8,1%, 7,7%, 7,4%, 0,9% de prevalência, respectivamente. Em Royal Fish Farm, 84,3% de infestação de Lernaea foi observada, enquanto não se observou nenhum parasita na fazenda de peixes Chunnian de Vicent. A fonte de água, qualidade, ração, fertilizantes, densidade de estocagem, temperatura da água e opções de tratamento potenciais exibiram tendências variadas entre as fazendas de peixes e prevalência. Dependendo do peso e comprimento, a maior prevalência (56,7% e 66,7%) foi observada nos grupos de 3501-4000 g e 81-90 cm. A taxa de infestação variou em várias partes do corpo dos peixes, sendo a nadadeira dorsal o órgão mais vulnerável e apresentou 2,3% de prevalência geral (enquanto 18,4% de contribuição dentro do total de 12,6% de infestação). Das 147 amostras de peixes infectados, 45 estavam amplamente contaminadas pela propagação de Lernaea. Em conclusão, nossos resultados confirmam que Lernaea pode representar uma ameaça considerável para peixes comercializáveis, e várias opções de tratamento devem ser educadas para os agricultores para ajudar a mitigar a propagação e as perdas potenciais. Além disso, Catla catla é mais vulnerável à infestação por Lernaea (41,7%), assim como as espécies de peixes sendo cultivadas em densidades de estocagem mais altas.

3.
Braz. j. biol ; 84: e254010, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1345561

ABSTRACT

Abstract The impact of fish oil concentration on the oxidative stability of microcapsules through the spray drying process using chitosan and maltodextrin as wall material was studied. Emulsions were prepared with different Tuna fish oil (TFO) content (TFO-10%, TFO20%, TF030% TF0-40%) while wall material concentration was kept constant. Microencapsulated powder resulting from emulsion prepared with high fish oil load have high moisture content, wettability, total oil and low encapsulation efficiency, hygroscopicity and bulk tapped density. Oxidative stability was evaluated periodically by placing microcapsules at room temperature. Microcapsules prepared with TFO-10% presented high oxidative stability in terms of peroxide value (2.94±0.04) and anisidine value (1.54±0.02) after 30 days of storage. It was concluded that optimal amounts of fish oil for microencapsulation are 10% and 20% using chitosan and maltodextrin that extended its shelf life during study period.


Resumo Foi estudado o impacto da concentração de óleo de peixe na estabilidade oxidativa de microcápsulas por meio do processo de secagem por atomização, utilizando quitosana e maltodextrina como material de parede. As emulsões foram preparadas com diferentes teores de óleo de atum (TFO) (TFO-10%, TFO20%, TF030% TF0-40%), enquanto a concentração de material de parede foi mantida constante. O pó microencapsulado resultante da emulsão preparada com alta carga de óleo de peixe tem alto teor de umidade, molhabilidade e óleo total e baixa eficiência de encapsulação, higroscopicidade e densidade extraída a granel. A estabilidade oxidativa foi avaliada periodicamente colocando microcápsulas à temperatura ambiente. As microcápsulas preparadas com TFO-10% apresentaram alta estabilidade oxidativa em termos de valor de peróxido (2,94 ± 0,04) e valor de anisidina (1,54 ± 0,02) após 30 dias de armazenamento. Concluiu-se que as quantidades ideais de óleo de peixe para microencapsulação são de 10% e 20% usando quitosana e maltodextrina que prolongaram sua vida útil durante o período de estudo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Fish Oils , Chitosan , Powders , Tuna , Oxidative Stress
4.
Braz. j. biol ; 80(4): 881-890, Oct.-Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1142544

ABSTRACT

Abstract Present paper provides information on the feeding regimens of the two genders of the blue-rock pigeon (Columba livia Linn.) in the sampled habitats of the three districts viz. Rawalpindi, Faisalabad and Bahawalpur of the Punjab province, Pakistan. This feral pigeon, considered ubiquitous species, inhabits both the grasslands and clumped environments to establish their roosts and nests. The study explored about comparable feeding proportions from three major habitats of the pigeons which were captured with medium sized mist-nets. For Rawalpindi in the winter season, the Zea mays was one of the predominant food item (30.6%) for males, and other ranked major food contents were (26.7%, 22.4% and 20.2%), and fairly similar feeding proportions were also recorded for the females (50.4%, 33.3%, 36.4% and 23.9%) for Carthamus oxyacantha, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum and Zea mays respectively. Evidently, no significant deviations in the existing food crops for the three sites for the feral pigeon were detected, which strongly suggested that the, modes of feeding habits among the sustainable roosts and nests which were closely located to food crops, exerted negligible impacts during intermittent pigeon foraging movements in the diurnal conditions.


Resumo O presente artigo fornece informações sobre os regimes de alimentação dos dois sexos do pombo-da-rocha-azul (Columba livia Linn.) nos habitats amostrados dos três distritos, a saber: Rawalpindi, Faisalabad e Bahawalpur, da província de Punjab, Paquistão. Este pombo-doméstico, considerado espécie onipresente, habita tanto as pastagens quanto os ambientes agrupados para estabelecer seus poleiros e ninhos. O estudo explorou proporções comparáveis ​​de alimentação de três grandes habitats dos pombos que foram capturados com redes de neblina de tamanho médio. Para Rawalpindi no inverno, Zea mays foi um dos itens alimentares predominantes (30,6%) para os machos, e outros alimentos classificados como principais foram (26,7%; 22,4% e 20,2%), e proporções bastante semelhantes foram registradas para as fêmeas (50,4%, 33,3%, 36,4% e 23,9%) para Carthamus oxyacantha, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum e Zea mays, respectivamente. Evidentemente, não foram detectados desvios significativos nas culturas alimentares existentes nos três locais para o pombo-doméstico, sugerindo fortemente que os modos de alimentação entre os poleiros e ninhos sustentáveis, que estavam estreitamente localizados em culturas alimentares, exerceram impactos não significativos durante os períodos intermitentes dos movimentos de forrageamento dos pombos-domésticos nas condições diurnas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Columbidae , Food , Pakistan , Ecology
5.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467373

ABSTRACT

Abstract Present paper provides information on the feeding regimens of the two genders of the blue-rock pigeon (Columba livia Linn.) in the sampled habitats of the three districts viz. Rawalpindi, Faisalabad and Bahawalpur of the Punjab province, Pakistan. This feral pigeon, considered ubiquitous species, inhabits both the grasslands and clumped environments to establish their roosts and nests. The study explored about comparable feeding proportions from three major habitats of the pigeons which were captured with medium sized mist-nets. For Rawalpindi in the winter season, the Zea mays was one of the predominant food item (30.6%) for males, and other ranked major food contents were (26.7%, 22.4% and 20.2%), and fairly similar feeding proportions were also recorded for the females (50.4%, 33.3%, 36.4% and 23.9%) for Carthamus oxyacantha, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum and Zea mays respectively. Evidently, no significant deviations in the existing food crops for the three sites for the feral pigeon were detected, which strongly suggested that the, modes of feeding habits among the sustainable roosts and nests which were closely located to food crops, exerted negligible impacts during intermittent pigeon foraging movements in the diurnal conditions.


Resumo O presente artigo fornece informações sobre os regimes de alimentação dos dois sexos do pombo-da-rocha-azul (Columba livia Linn.) nos habitats amostrados dos três distritos, a saber: Rawalpindi, Faisalabad e Bahawalpur, da província de Punjab, Paquistão. Este pombo-doméstico, considerado espécie onipresente, habita tanto as pastagens quanto os ambientes agrupados para estabelecer seus poleiros e ninhos. O estudo explorou proporções comparáveis de alimentação de três grandes habitats dos pombos que foram capturados com redes de neblina de tamanho médio. Para Rawalpindi no inverno, Zea mays foi um dos itens alimentares predominantes (30,6%) para os machos, e outros alimentos classificados como principais foram (26,7%; 22,4% e 20,2%), e proporções bastante semelhantes foram registradas para as fêmeas (50,4%, 33,3%, 36,4% e 23,9%) para Carthamus oxyacantha, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum e Zea mays, respectivamente. Evidentemente, não foram detectados desvios significativos nas culturas alimentares existentes nos três locais para o pombo-doméstico, sugerindo fortemente que os modos de alimentação entre os poleiros e ninhos sustentáveis, que estavam estreitamente localizados em culturas alimentares, exerceram impactos não significativos durante os períodos intermitentes dos movimentos de forrageamento dos pombos-domésticos nas condições diurnas.

6.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-161335

ABSTRACT

Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity has been reported from different plants such as Cinnamomum cassia, Chrysanthemum indicum, Lycopus europaeus, Polygonum cuspidatum, Acacia confuse, Coccinia grandis, Datura metel, Strychnos nux-vomica, Vitex negundo, Coccinia grandis, Vitex negundo, Fraxinus angustifolia, Pistacia lentiscus, Hyptis obtusiflora, H. lantanaefolia, Artemisia vulgaris, Caesalpinia sappan, Blumea balsamifera, Chrysanthemum sinense, Tetracera scandens, C. sinense, Allium Cepa, Pistacia integerrima, Caesalpinia sappan and Caesalpinia sappan. This review very clearly specify that plants could be utilized for the inhibition of xathine oxidase and out of them Clerodendrum floribundum, Eremophila maculata, Stemodia grossa Benth, Eucalyptus deglupta, Syzygium malaccense and Larix laricina exhibited 84%, 61%, 57%, 51%, 64%, 86 % xanthine pxidase inhibition at concentration of 50 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 44.5 μg/ml, 51 μg/ml, 6.26mg/dl respectively.

7.
Bulletin of High Institute of Public Health [The]. 2008; 38 (3): 568-578
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-113120

ABSTRACT

The effect of electromagnetic field [EMF] on serum thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] and triiodothyronine-thyroxin [T3-T4] hormones levels of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Fifty rats were used in three independent groups, 20 of which were control [without stress and EMF], 20 of which were exposed to 900 MHz EMF and 10 of which were sham-exposed. The exposures were performed 30 min/day, for 5 days/week for 4 weeks to 900 MHz EMF. Sham-exposed animals were kept under the same environmental conditions as the study groups except with no EMF exposure. The concentration of TSH and T3-T4 hormones in the rat serum was measured by using an enzyme liked immunsorbent assay [ELISA] method for TS, T3, and T4 hormones. TSH values and T3-T4 at the 900 MHz EMF group were significantly lower than the sham-exposed group [p<0.01]. There were no statistically significant differences in serum TSH values and T3-T4 hormones concentrations between the control and the sham-exposed group [p>0.05]. These results indicate that 900 MHz EMF emitted by cellular telephones decrease serum TSH and T3-T4 levels


Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Thyroid Function Tests/methods , Rats , Cell Phone
12.
JOPDAK-Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association Karachi. 1991; 7 (1): 25-31
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-20219

ABSTRACT

A case of rapidly progressive [R.P.] Periodontitis is presented in a patient referred for the evaluation and treatment of severe, rapid bone loss. The physically healthy patient had oral pocketing of 5 to 10 mm. Initial Plaque index score was 70%. Generalized horizontal osseous defects were found in the radiographs. A diagnosis of Rapidly Progressive Periodontitis was made and treatment given. Satisfactory results were obtained three months after the completion of therapy. Current treatment regiemens are reviewed. Therapeutic effects of surgical treatment along with antibiotic therapy are proposed


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Dental Plaque , Dental Plaque Index , Radiography, Dental , Alveolar Bone Loss , Aggressive Periodontitis/therapy , Neutrophils/abnormalities , Monocytes/abnormalities , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Fusobacterium
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